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Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in Egyptian setup performing a ritual in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn Founding of the First Temple

Mathers, however, is generally credited with the design of the curriculum and rituals of the Second Order, which he called the Rosae Rubae et Aureae Crucis ("Ruby Rose and Golden Cross" or the RR et AC).

Mathers and Westcott have been credited with developing the ritual outlines in the Cipher Manuscripts into a workable format. Mathers, in turn, asked fellow Freemason William Robert Woodman to assist the two, and he accepted. Westcott asked for Mathers' help to turn the manuscripts into a coherent system for lodge work. Westcott, pleased with his discovery, called on fellow Freemason Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers for a second opinion. The documents did not excite Woodford, and in February 1886 he passed them on to Freemason William Wynn Westcott, who managed to decode them in 1887. Woodford, whom British occult writer Francis King describes as the fourth founder (although Woodford died shortly after the Order was founded). Mackenzie, a Masonic scholar, to the Rev. The manuscripts give the specific outlines of the Grade Rituals of the Order and prescribe a curriculum of graduated teachings that encompass the Hermetic Qabalah, astrology, occult tarot, geomancy, and alchemy.Īccording to the records of the Order, the manuscripts passed from Kenneth R. The foundational documents of the original Order of the Golden Dawn, known as the Cipher Manuscripts, are written in English using the Trithemius cipher. The Third Order was that of the Secret Chiefs, who were said to be highly skilled they supposedly directed the activities of the lower two orders by spirit communication with the Chiefs of the Second Order. The Second or Inner Order, the Rosae Rubeae et Aureae Crucis, taught magic, including scrying, astral travel, and alchemy. The First Order taught esoteric philosophy based on the Hermetic Qabalah and personal development through study and awareness of the four classical elements, as well as the basics of astrology, tarot divination, and geomancy. The "Golden Dawn" was the first of three Orders, although all three are often collectively referred to as the "Golden Dawn". The Golden Dawn system was based on hierarchy and initiation, similar to Masonic lodges however, women were admitted on an equal basis with men. Westcott appears to have been the initial driving force behind the establishment of the Golden Dawn. The three founders, William Robert Woodman, William Wynn Westcott and Samuel Liddell Mathers, were Freemasons. Many present-day concepts of ritual and magic that are at the centre of contemporary traditions, such as Wicca and Thelema, were inspired by the Golden Dawn, which became one of the largest single influences on 20th century Western occultism. Known as a magical order, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn was active in Great Britain and focused its practices on theurgy and spiritual development. The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn ( Latin: Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae or, more commonly, the Golden Dawn ( Aurora Aurea)) was a secret society devoted to the study and practice of the occult, metaphysics, and paranormal activities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.